Understanding Linux - Linux Operating System

Computer users in Indonesia currently mostly using artificial operating system from Microsoft, the Microsoft Windows. it naturally occurs, because the first windows operating system is present in Indonesia instead of the linux operating system. maybe all of you who already know about computers, already understand that the windows operating system is not freely distributed software, you must issue a license fee to be able to legally install on your computer, but if you did not issue a license fee, meaning it can be said that you use windows is pirated.
the article is about the understanding linux. understanding linux is a free open source operating system which is free to be distributed under the GNU license. so you are allowed to install on your computer or to copy and redistribute it without paying. Linux is a derivative of unix and can work on a variety of hardware ranging from inter computer x86 to RISC. With the GNU (Gnu Not Unix) You can obtain a program, complete with source code (source code). Not only that, you are given the right to copy as much as you want, or even change the code.and was all legal under the license. Although free, GNU license allows a party seeking to charge a fee for copying and delivery of the program.

The most important freedom of Linux, especially for programmers and network administrators, is the freedom to obtain the source code (source code) and the freedom to change it. This implies a few important things. Safety first, the second dynamics.

If commercial software does not allow you to know sumbenya code then you will never know whether the program that you buy from them it is safe or not (often called security by obscurity). Your life in the hands of the vendor. And if there are notices about the software bug from the commercial, often too late. With Linux, you can examine the source code directly, along with other Linux users. The development of Linux users as a community that is open, make bug will quickly known, and as soon as it did the programmers will fix the program. You yourself also determines the appropriate code in accordance with the hardware or software other basic needs to be implemented. Like a car, you can modify at will, even though the engine, to obtain the desired shape.

Disclosure of the source code also allows the operating system is growing rapidly. If a program with a closed system and is only developed by a particular vendor, at most about one thousand to five thousand people. As for Linux, with the openness of its source code, developed by volunteers around the world. Faster bug is known and penambalnya program (patch) more quickly available. Approach to the development of this operating system called Bazaar. Conversely Chatedraal system is closed and only focus on one or two developers only.

Linux today has evolved into many distros (Linux distributions), for example, is a distro Redhat, Debian, Suse. currently a very popular linux distro in use in Indonesia is the distro that Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian.
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fourth-generation computer

 Growth and development of computer

becomes clearer that shrink the size of circuits and electronic components. Large Scale Integration or LSI can contain countless components onto one chip. Then your 1980's, the Large Scale Integration, or VLSI contains 1000s of components within a chip.

ULSI or the so-called Ultra-Large Scale Integration able to increase that number to the millions. The ability to install many component in a single chip measuring one-half of coins encouraging decline inside price and size of the computer. It had been also capable of increase power, efficiency and computer reliability.

 Intel 4004 chip that has been created in 1971 to get the impact of improvements about the IC by putting all of the components of a pc (ie central processing unit, memory, and control input / output) really small chip. Before that, the IC was created to perform a certain task-specific. now, a microprocessor can be produced and then programmed to meet all demands. Shortly from then on, every household devices like microwave ovens, televisions, and automobiles with electronic fuel injection, it really is built with a computer device termed as a microprocessor.

Such developments could enable ordinary people to use computers. Computers not a dominant big corporations or government agencies. then inside the mid-1970s, Computer assemblers

supplies the results of their computer creations towards the average man or woman. Computers, known as the mini-computers, mini computers were sold with software products or software that is simple to operate through the layman. Software or software typically the most popular at that time it can be word processing and spreadsheet programs.

Then in 1981, IBM tried to introduce the usage of machines called Laptop or computer (PC) to use in homes, offices, and schools. Three decades ago the application of Personal computer only 2 million units three decades ago lelonjak then rose to.5 million units. Then ten years later, up to Sixty five million PCs are already used. Computers continued evolution towards smaller sizes, from machines available is frequently referred to as desktop computers, a pc that can be inserted into a new laptop bag or called, or perhaps a computer that may grip the palm top. Because information technology has had time becoming a vibrant business fields, the emergence of competition involving the IBM PC company to get the Apple Macintosh computer market. Apple Macintosh which became famous for being capable of popularize the graphical system on his computer, while his rival was still using a text-based computer. The organization also popularized the use of Macintosh hardware mouse.

Currently we now have known the way of IBM compatible using CPU: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium 2, Pentium 3, Pentium 4 (compilation of CPUs from Intel's creation). Also we understand AMD K6, Athlon, and others. All of it is among the class of fourth-generation computers.

With the proliferation and widespread using computer technology on the job, and new solutions to explore potensia on my pc being developed. Using the increased strength of your mini computer, computers can be connected together inside a network (net) to express a memory, software, information, and also to manage to contact the other person at one time. Computer networking allows a computer to make electronic co-operation to perform an assignment process. By using direct wiring techniques (as an example, is such local area network, LAN), telephone or cable, than the tissue can get into large networks and growing.
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Third-generation computer

Even though the transistors people be capable of exceed the vacuum tube, but transistors are far too large to create heat, that could potentially damage the parts inside computer. later discovered quartz stone quartz or rock which could eliminate this problem. An engineer at Texas Instruments, named Jack Kilby developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958. IC can be combined three electronic components onto a tiny silicon disc made ??of quartz sand. then a scientists managed to fit more components in a single chip termed as a semiconductor. 
 
In an attempt to create a computer that's becoming smaller and smaller because the components therein might be squeezed on top of the chip. Third-generation development is the one other use of the operating system or perhaps the English language operating-system, a system that permits the equipment can run a variety of programs simultaneously with a major program to supervise or monitor and coordinate computer memory machines.
Continued on the Reputation the fourth Generation Computers
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